2009/08/13 14:35簡長盛
（法新社馬德里12日電） 西班牙研究人員說，他們向解開一項「演化之謎」─為何有些人喜歡球芽甘藍，有些人卻討厭球芽甘藍─又往前邁進一步。
他們發現，一種會讓某些人討厭味道很苦的化學物質苯氨基硫尿（PTC）的現代人基因，也出現在數十萬年前的尼安德塔人（Neanderthals）身上。
科學家將在西班牙北部艾爾席卓恩（El Sidron ）發現的4萬8000年前尼安德塔人骨頭取出TAS2R38基因片斷，並且將它復原和排序後才發現此事。他們在「西班牙國家研究委員會」（Spanish National ResearchCouncil， CSIC）今天公布的一項報告中說明此發現。
他們說：「這顯示對苦味味覺的變化早於導致尼安德塔人和現代人類的譜系分離。」
類似於苯氨基硫尿的物質讓球芽甘藍、花椰菜、甘藍等綠色蔬菜及某些水果吃起來有苦苦的味道。
但這些物質也出現在某些有毒的植物，所以這種不喜歡的感覺讓演化變得合理。
這項報告說：「這種苦味的感覺，使我們免於吃到有毒物質。」（譯者：中央社簡長盛）
這是我第一次看到這個東西，紀錄下來。
CAMELS Rating System
What does it mean?
An international bank-rating system with which bank supervisory authorities rate institutions according to six factors. The six areas examined are represented by the acronym "CAMELS."
In Other Words...
The six factors examined are as follows:
C - Capital adequacy
A - Asset quality
M - Management quality
E - Earnings
L - Liquidity
S - Sensitivity to Market Risk
Bank supervisory authorities assign each bank a score on a scale of 1 (best) to 5 (worst) for each factor. If a bank has an average score less than 2 it is considered to be a high-quality institution while banks with scores greater than 3 are considered to be less-than-satisfactory establishments. The system helps the supervisory authority identify banks that are in need of attention.
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